Asperger syndrome Wikipedia. Asperger syndrome. Synonyms. Aspergers syndrome, Asperger disorder AD, Aspergers. Restricted interests or repetitive behaviors, such as this boys interest in playing with a toy model of molecules, may be features of Aspergers. Specialty. Psychiatry. Symptoms. Problems with social interactions, restricted and repetitive behavior1Usual onset. Before two years old1Duration. Long term1Causes. Unknown1Treatment. Challenging Authority Piven Pdf' title='Challenging Authority Piven Pdf' />Social skills training, cognitive behavioral therapy, physical therapy, speech therapy, parent training2Frequency. Asperger syndrome AS, also known as Aspergers, is a developmental disorder characterized by significant difficulties in social interaction and nonverbal communication, along with restricted and repetitive patterns of behavior and interests. As a milder autism spectrum disorder ASD, it differs from other ASDs by relatively normal language and intelligence. Although not required for diagnosis, physical clumsiness and unusual use of language are common. Signs usually begin before two years old and typically last for a persons entire life. The exact cause of Aspergers is unknown. While it is probably partly inherited, the underlying genetics have not been determined conclusively. Environmental factors are also believed to play a role. Brain imaging has not identified a common underlying problem. The diagnosis of Aspergers was removed in the 2. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders DSM 5, and people with these symptoms are now included within the autism spectrum disorder along with autism and pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified. It remains within the tenth edition of the International Classification of Diseases ICD 1. There is no single treatment, and the effectiveness of particular interventions is supported by only limited data. Treatment is aimed at improving poor communication skills, obsessive or repetitive routines, and physical clumsiness. Interventions may include social skills training, cognitive behavioral therapy, physical therapy, speech therapy, parent training, and medications for associated problems such as mood or anxiety. Most children improve as they grow up, but social and communication difficulties usually persist. Some researchers and people on the autism spectrum have advocated a shift in attitudes toward the view that autism spectrum disorder is a difference, rather than a disease that must be treated or cured. In 2. 01. 5, Aspergers was estimated to affect 3. The syndrome is named after the Austrian pediatrician. Hans Asperger who, in 1. The modern conception of Asperger syndrome came into existence in 1. It became a standardized diagnosis in the early 1. Many questions and controversies remain about aspects of the disorder. There is doubt about whether it is distinct from high functioning autism HFA. Partly because of this, the percentage of people affected is not firmly established. Classification. Dr. Mark Hyman mangles autism science onwhere elseThe Huffington Post. Frances Fox Piven born October 10, 1932 is an American professor of political science and sociology at The Graduate Center, City University of New York, where she. Challenging Authority Piven Pdf' title='Challenging Authority Piven Pdf' />Autism spectrum disorder video. The extent of the overlap between AS and high functioning autism HFAautism unaccompanied by intellectual disability is unclear. The ASD classification is to some extent an artifact of how autism was discovered,2. Asperger syndrome as a valid diagnosis from the outset. In the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders DSM 5, published in May 2. IL8/9780375853388.jpg' alt='Challenging Authority Piven Pdf' title='Challenging Authority Piven Pdf' />AS, as a separate diagnosis, was eliminated and folded into autism spectrum disorder. Like the diagnosis of Asperger syndrome,2. AS was not removed from the WHOs ICD 1. The World Health Organization WHO defines Asperger syndrome AS as one of the autism spectrum disorders ASD or pervasive developmental disorders PDD, which are a spectrum of psychological conditions that are characterized by abnormalities of social interaction and communication that pervade the individuals functioning, and by restricted and repetitive interests and behavior. Like other psychological development disorders, ASD begins in infancy or childhood, has a steady course without remission or relapse, and has impairments that result from maturation related changes in various systems of the brain. Layerslider 5 more. ASD, in turn, is a subset of the broader autism phenotype, which describes individuals who may not have ASD but do have autistic like traits, such as social deficits. Of the other four ASD forms, autism is the most similar to AS in signs and likely causes, but its diagnosis requires impaired communication and allows delay in cognitive development Rett syndrome and childhood disintegrative disorder share several signs with autism but may have unrelated causes and pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified PDD NOS is diagnosed when the criteria for a more specific disorder are unmet. Characteristics. People with Asperger syndrome often display restricted or specialized interests, such as this boys interest in stacking cans. As a pervasive developmental disorder, Asperger syndrome is distinguished by a pattern of symptoms rather than a single symptom. It is characterized by qualitative impairment in social interaction, by stereotyped and restricted patterns of behavior, activities and interests, and by no clinically significant delay in cognitive development or general delay in language. Intense preoccupation with a narrow subject, one sided verbosity, restricted prosody, and physical clumsiness are typical of the condition, but are not required for diagnosis. Suicidal behavior appears to occur at rates similar to those without ASD. Social interaction. A lack of demonstrated empathy affects aspects of communal living for persons with Asperger syndrome. Individuals with AS experience difficulties in basic elements of social interaction, which may include a failure to develop friendships or to seek shared enjoyments or achievements with others for example, showing others objects of interest, a lack of social or emotional reciprocity social games give and take mechanic, and impaired nonverbal behaviors in areas such as eye contact, facial expression, posture, and gesture. People with AS may not be as withdrawn around others, compared with those with other, more debilitating forms of autism they approach others, even if awkwardly. For example, a person with AS may engage in a one sided, long winded speech about a favorite topic, while misunderstanding or not recognizing the listeners feelings or reactions, such as a wish to change the topic of talk or end the interaction. This social awkwardness has been called active but odd. This failure to react appropriately to social interaction may appear as disregard for other peoples feelings, and may come across as insensitive. However, not all individuals with AS will approach others. Some of them may even display selective mutism, speaking not at all to most people and excessively to specific people. Some may choose only to talk to people they like. The cognitive ability of children with AS often allows them to articulate social norms in a laboratory context,5 where they may be able to show a theoretical understanding of other peoples emotions however, they typically have difficulty acting on this knowledge in fluid, real life situations.